利用废CRT屏玻璃为原料制备泡沫玻璃

以废阴极射线管(CRT)屏玻璃为主要原料,碳黑为起泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了低密度保温泡沫玻璃。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、导热系数测定仪等分析手段,研究了起泡剂的用量、发泡温度和发泡时间对泡沫玻璃泡径、密度、热学性能以及机械力学性能的影响。结果表明,在相同烧制工艺条件下,随起泡剂掺加量增加,烧制所得的泡沫玻璃密度成"V"型变化;当其掺加量为0.20%时,泡沫玻璃在密度、孔径分布以及力学性能上均达到最佳。随着发泡温度的提高和发泡时间的延长,密度会逐渐减小,泡沫玻璃的气泡会逐渐增大,以致产生连通现象。当发泡温度为820℃、发泡时间为30min时烧制的泡沫玻璃密度为0.180 g/cm3,导热系数为0.0695 W/(m.K)。     

经济集聚对中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率的影响

基于非期望产出的超效率EBM模型,测算2005—2016年京津冀、长三角和珠三角等中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率,采用核密度函数对其演变特征进行分析,并运用面板门槛回归模型和面板向量自回归模型,从产业和人口两个角度分析经济集聚对城市群土地利用生态效率的非线性影响和直接冲击。结果表明：（1）2005—2016年间中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率总体呈现先收敛后分化的演化特征,不同城市群之间的土地利用生态效率时空演变具有显著差异;（2）第三产业集聚水平和人口集聚水平对城市群土地利用生态效率表现出单门槛效应,表明适度产业集聚和人口集聚对城市群土地利用生态效率具有正向促进作用,反之则会导致促进作用下降甚至出现负向影响;（3）第三产业集聚水平和土地利用生态效率自身对土地利用生态效率的直接冲击都是从开始就达到顶峰而后收敛为0,而第二产业集聚水平和人口集聚水平则是先负向冲击后持续正向冲击。城市群在制定经济发展政策和土地利用政策时,既要充分发挥经济集聚的正面环境效应,也要重视不同经济集聚的适度性和动态性。     

Has the Clean Development Mechanism assisted sustainable development?

One of the dual objectives of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is to assist host countries in achieving sustainable development. With various CDM indicators for 58 CDM host countries over the period 2005‐2010, this paper empirically assesses whether CDM project development fulfils its sustainable development objective. Using a unique dynamic panel data method based on the long‐differenced model, this research provides convincing evidence that CDM projects contribute to sustainable development in host countries. It sheds light on the role of the CDM in the process of global sustainability with clear policy implications for developing countries and those embracing market instruments.     

"三点比较式臭袋法"嗅辨员的优化选择

在利用"三点比较式臭袋法"测定恶臭时,嗅辨员发挥关键作用.在实际测定过程中,由于嗅辨员的嗅觉阈值不同,嗅觉敏感度不同,从而造成监测结果产生较大差别.通过细分嗅辨员的级别,优化嗅辨小组的人员结构,从而保证监测结果的准确性.     

Pollutant emissions,energy consumption and economic development in China:Evidence from dynamic panel data

This study investigates the relationship among pollutant emissions,energy consumption and economic development in China during the period 1982-2007 by using a one-step GMM-system model under a multivariable panel VAR framework,controlling for capital stock and labor force.Regarding the data for all 28 provinces as a whole,we find that there is a unidirectional positive relationship running from pollutant emission to economic development and a unidirectional negative relationship between pollutant emission and energy consumption.Based on traditional economic planning,the panel data of28 provinces are divided into two cross-province groups.It is discovered that in the eastern coastal region of China,there is only a unidirectional positive causal relationship leading from economic development to pollutant emission;while in the central and western regions,there are the unidirectional Granger causal relationships between pollutant emission and energy consumption,as well as between pollutant emission and economic development.There is also a unique unidirectional causal relationship running from economic development to energy consumption,which does not appear in the eastem coastal region or in China as a whole.     

1998~2016中国八大经济区植被覆盖对PM2.5浓度时空分布的影响

目前很少有PM_2.5污染与植被覆盖的相关性深入研究,尝试对此进行补充.基于1998~2016年的PM_2.5和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的栅格数据,以中国内地八大经济区为研究对象,对NDVI值进行3个等级划分（低植被覆盖区、中植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区）,并计算相应等级的PM_2.5污染浓度.在此基础上,从NDVI的景观尺度和类型尺度分析PM_2.5污染的时空特征,然后利用面板数据模型定量化NDVI景观格局指数对PM_2.5的影响.结果表明：①北部沿海、东部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游和东北经济区在植被覆盖相对较低的区域,PM_2.5污染较严重;而黄河中游、西南地区及大西北经济区则在植被覆盖相对较低的区域表现出较轻的PM_2.5污染;②大部分区域的PM_2.5随时间变化呈显著上升趋势;③PM_2.5与NDVI景观格局指数相关性显著（P<0.05）的区域相对较少;④景观形状指数（LSI）、斑块面积比（PLAND）、斑块数量（NP）、最大斑块占景观面积比（LPI）和聚集度指标（AI）指数对PM_2.5的影响都表现出明显的空间异质性.     

资源型城市环境库兹涅茨曲线研究——基于面板数据的实证分析

论文以47个地级资源型城市为研究对象,利用2003-2009年的面板数据,运用环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)模型,以工业烟尘、工业废水和工业SO₂为例对其环境污染与经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:资源类型影响资源型城市EKC的形状与转折点,同种污染物在不同资源型城市的曲线不完全相同,转折点在污染较重的资源型城市及人均GDP较低的资源型城市出现更早;资源型城市的EKC与全国的EKC不完全相同,相同的曲线下资源型城市的转折点出现更早。基于此,论文提出资源型城市应积极进行环境治理、实施绿色转型、大力发展循环经济、扩大实施总量控制的污染物范围,以促进这些城市的可持续发展。     

中国畜牧业全生命周期温室气体排放时空特征分析

运用生命周期评价方法,选取家畜胃肠道发酵、粪便管理系统、畜禽饲养环节耗能、饲料粮种植、饲料粮运输加工和畜禽产品屠宰加工6大环节,采用面板数据测算和分析1990~2011年中国及2011年国内各地区畜牧业温室气体排放特征.研究表明,22年间,中国畜牧业全生命周期及各个环节的CO2当量排放量均呈现上升趋势,尤其是畜禽饲养耗能、饲料粮种植、饲料粮运输加工和畜禽屠宰加工环节的增长更为显著,但历年饲料粮运输加工和畜禽屠宰加工环节占畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放总量的比重均低于1%和0.05%;家畜胃肠道发酵和粪便管理系统环节占畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放总量的比重呈下降趋势;22年间,反刍家畜的CO2当量排放量占55.25%,非反刍畜禽占44.75%.2011年,国内省域间内蒙古、辽宁和云南的畜牧业全生命周期CO2排放当量和排放强度均位居全国前10位;西部地区畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放量所占比重最大,并且西部地区的排放强度最高;农区畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放量占63.88%,牧区占14.07%,但牧区的排放强度最高,农区最低.     

Renewable energy,non-renewable energy and sustainable development

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the effects of renewable energy and non-renewable energy on sustainable development. This study is pioneering in this respect because it analyses the effect of renewable energy on adjusted net savings, which is a good sustainable development variable. For this purpose, the data of 40 developed and 73 developing countries were included. According to the estimation results obtained in the study, renewable energy has a positive and statistically significant effect on sustainable development both in developed countries and in developing countries. The impact of renewable energy on sustainable development is greater than the impact of non-renewable energy. In this respect, as the renewable energy amount increases, the level of sustainable development increases. According to these results, the fact that countries use renewable energy more than non-renewable energy sources is extremely important in terms of making progress towards sustainability of development and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.     

我国环境规制强度测度及其对就业规模的影响——基于省际动态面板数据的实证分析

本文建立模型具体测算了我国30个省(区、市)自2003年至2016年的环境规制强度指标,发现全国环境规制强度整体呈上升趋势,其中东部省份强度最大,中部地区的环境规制强度低于东部而略高于西部地区。进一步构建动态面板计量模型进行实证分析,结果显示,环境规制对就业的影响具有明显的U形特征,即随着环境规制强度的提高,其对就业起着先抑制后促进的作用。而经济发展水平、人口规模、产业结构的优化升级以及平均工资水平的提高均能显著促进全样本的就业增长,但对外依存度对各样本而言都明显不利于就业规模的扩张。